Vitamin C

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is a powerful antioxidant that protects the skin from environmental damage, boosts collagen synthesis, inhibits melanin production (brightening), and enhances SPF efficacy when used under sunscreen.

L-ascorbic acid (LAA) is the most bioavailable and effective form. For stability and penetration, look for formulations at pH < 3.5, typically 10–20% concentration. If LAA irritates your skin, consider derivatives like sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP) or ascorbyl glucoside (more stable, gentler).

• Apply in the AM on clean, dry skin before moisturiser and sunscreen. • Wait 10–15 minutes for full absorption before applying SPF. • Vitamin C and SPF work synergistically — C neutralises free radicals while SPF blocks UV. • Store in a cool, dark place or in the fridge to prevent oxidation (serum turning yellow/brown).

• Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Ferulic Acid is the gold-standard antioxidant cocktail. • Vitamin C + SPF: proven to increase photoprotection by up to 4x. • Vitamin C + Niacinamide: the old myth of incompatibility has been debunked — they work fine together. • Avoid using Vitamin C with benzoyl peroxide (oxidises Vitamin C).

Vitamin C is suitable for all skin types. It is especially beneficial for those with hyperpigmentation, melasma, dull skin, or premature ageing concerns. Sensitive skin types should start with a lower concentration (10%) or use a derivative.