Active Compound

Titanium Dioxide Ci No. 77891

Inorganic UV filter (UVB-primary, limited UVA1); absorption edge ~350–360 nm provides strong UVB and UVA2 coverage with limited UVA1 protection above 360 nm; reflects, scatters, and absorbs UV; rutile polymorph preferred for sunscreens (lower photocatalytic activity than anatase); also used as opacifier and colorant (CI 77891)
Limited Data
Insufficient safety data available. Consider enriching this ingredient.
Details

Description

Inorganic UV filter (UVB-primary, limited UVA1); absorption edge ~350–360 nm provides strong UVB and UVA2 coverage with limited UVA1 protection above 360 nm; reflects, scatters, and absorbs UV; rutile polymorph preferred for sunscreens (lower photocatalytic activity than anatase); also used as opacifier and colorant (CI 77891)

Purpose

Function

Inorganic UV filter (UVB-primary, limited UVA1); absorption edge ~350–360 nm provides strong UVB and UVA2 coverage with limited UVA1 protection above 360 nm; reflects, scatters, and absorbs UV; rutile polymorph preferred for sunscreens (lower photocatalytic activity than anatase); also used as opacifier and colorant (CI 77891)
Profile

Properties

Silicone
Silicone free
Compliance

Regulatory Status

EU
Restricted
Safety
EXCELLENT
US
Permitted
EU Max Concentration25% as UV filter; nano form (20–100 nm range) permitted with specific coating requirements (silica, alumina, dimethicone, stearic acid); banned in spray products
Absorptionnegligible
Sensitizationnone
MoSadequate
NOAEL1000 mg/kg
ConcernLow
Verdict

One of only two FDA GRAS sunscreen actives. Strong UVB and UVA2 protection but absorption edge at ~350–360 nm means limited UVA1 coverage — routinely combined with ZnO or avobenzone for full broad-spectrum compliance. Nano grades (20–100 nm) reduce white cast by shifting visible scattering to UV-range. Critical formulation specs: rutile crystal phase only (anatase more photocatalytic), alumina+silica coating (most effective ROS suppression), EU spray ban compliance and nano labeling. SCCS 2025 reassessment covering all cosmetic product types is a live regulatory risk to monitor — opinion due approximately September 2026. Genotoxicity for oral exposure routes (lip products, toothpaste) already established — avoid in those formats pending new opinion. Reef-safe. Globally approved.

US Note

FDA GRAS under OTC sunscreen monograph at up to 25%; one of only two GRAS UV filter actives. Primarily UVB-protective — combined with ZnO or avobenzone for broad-spectrum compliance. No nano-specific labeling or spray restriction in the US. IARC Group 2B applies to occupational inhalation, not dermal sunscreen use. Powder formats require additional safety data before GRAS confirmation.

Assessment

Ratings

Comedogenic1/5
LowHigh
Irritancy0/5
LowHigh
Reference

Identifiers

Category
Active Compound
Updated
Apr 23, 2026

No registry identifiers available for this ingredient.