Octinoxate

One of the most globally used UVB filters; SCCS 2025 confirmed safety at ≤10% including for children with 1-2% dermal absorption and high margin of safety despite confirmed endocrine-disrupting and anti-androgenic properties. US remains in regulatory limbo; banned in Hawaii, US Virgin Islands, Palau, and 20+ coastal jurisdictions for coral reef toxicity. Photounstable trans-to-cis isomerization reduces SPF and generates potential sensitizers over time. EU-permitted but formulators face growing substitution pressure from reef-ban expansion and endocrine concerns.

Historically marketed in the US; FDA states existing data is not sufficient to determine GRASE. Regulatory limbo alongside seven other chemical filters. Banned by local legislation in Hawaii (2021), US Virgin Islands, and other coastal jurisdictions due to coral reef toxicity. Final GRASE determination pending additional safety data.